Karen P. Swan, Jennifer C. Richardson, Philip Ice, D. Randy Garrison, Martha Cleveland-Innes, J. Ben Arbaugh
Validating a Measurement Tool of Presence in Online Communities of Inquiry

This article examines work related to the development and validation of a measurement tool for the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework in online settings. The framework consists of three elements: social presence, teaching presence and cognitive presence, each of which is integral to the instrument. The 34 item instrument, and thus framework, was tested after being administered at four institutions in the Summer of 2007. The article also includes a discussion of implications for the future use of the CoI survey and the CoI framework itself.

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